BBCH-scale (Musaceae)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for musaceae describes the phenological development of musaceae using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of musaceae are:

Growth stage Code Description
2 digit 3 digit 4 digit
0: Sprouting or emergence 00 000 0000 Recently planted material (plants from tissue cultures

and corns) without visible growth
05 005 0005 Emergence of the 1st new leaf in plants from tissue

cultures or of the foliar shoot of the corn
1: Leaf development 10 100 1000 Formation of the 1st leaf of the planted corn or the

candela leaf in tissue culture plants (candela stage 0)
1002 Leaf 1 at candela stage 2
1004 Leaf 1 at candela stage 4
1006 Leaf l at candela stage 6
1008 Leaf l at candela stage 8
11 101 1010 One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
1012 One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
1014 One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
1016 One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
1018 One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
12 102 1020 Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
1022 Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
1024 Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
1026 Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
1028 Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
13 103 1030 Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
1032 Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
1034 Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
1036 Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
1038 Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8 stages continue till...
19 109 1090 9 or more leaves (only 2 digit code ) or nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage

0
1092 Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
1094 Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
1096 Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
1098 Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8 stages continue till...
119 1190 Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
1192 Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
1194 Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
1196 Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
1198 Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
2: Sucker formation 21 201 2010 1st sucker with visible leaf
2011 1st sucker with visible sword leaf
2012 1st sucker with visible water leaf
22 202 2020 2nd sucker with visible leaf
2021 2nd sucker with visible sword leaf
2022 2nd sucker with visible water leaf
23 203 2030 3rd sucker with visible leaf
2031 3rd sucker with visible sword leaf
2032 3rd sucker with visible water leaf stages continue till...
29 209 2090 nine or more suckers with visible leaf
2091 nine or more suckers with visible sword leaf
2092 nine or more suckers with visible water leaf
3: Pseudostem elongation 35 305 3050 The pseudostem reaches 50 % of its typical thickness and length according to the genome or clone
39 309 3090 The maximum length and thickness of the pseudostem are reached according to the genome or clone and the

formation of new leaves of normal size has been terminated
4: Leaf development of the sucker (sword sucker) 40 400 4000 Sub-phase of dependent growth: the sucker becomes visible and develops the leaf shoot
41 401 4011 Development of the 1st lanceolate leaf
4012 Development of the 2nd lanceolate leaf
4013 Development of the 3rd lanceolate leaf
4014 Development of the 4th lanceolate leaf
4015 Development of the 5th lanceolate leaf
4016 Development of the 6th lanceolate leaf
4017 Development of the 7th lanceolate leaf
4018 Development of the 8th lanceolate leaf
4019 Development of the 9th or more lanceolate leaves
45 405 4050 Sub-phase of independent growth: leaves of approx. 10 cm width are developed (original leaf/zero leaf/F10)
4051 Development of the 1st leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4052 Development of the 2nd leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4053 Development of the 3rd leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4054 Development of the 4th leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4055 Development of the 5th leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4056 Development of the 6th leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4057 Development of the 7th leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4058 Development of the 8th leaf of approx. 10 cm width
4059 Development of the 9th or more leaves of approx. 10 cm width
49 409 4090 End of this phase is reached with the development of the first leaf with characteristics of the genome or clone (length width ratio, leaf surface index). Beginning of synchronised development of ”normal” leaves (FM)
5: Emergence of inflorescence 50 500 5000 The development of new normal leaves has been terminated and the flower bract emergence
51 501 5010 Flower bract at candela stage 2
52 502 5020 Flower bract at candela stage 4
53 503 5030 Flower bract at candela stage 6
54 504 5040 Flower bract at candela stage 8
55 505 5050 Flower bract completely open
59 509 5090 Emergence of the last bract leaf or first sterile bract protecting the flower
6: Flowering 60 600 6000 The stage begins with the emergence of the flower protected by the last bract leaf (1st sterile bract)
61 601 6010 A bract which does not protect any hand of flowers rises (2nd sterile bract) and the rachis or flower stalk takes a pendulum position
62 602 6020 The bract rises which protects the first hand of female or pistillate flowers
63 603 6030 The bract rises which protects the second hand of female or pistillate flowers
64 604 6040 The bract rises which protects the third hand of female or pistillate flowers
65 605 6050 Full bloom: at least 50 % of the hands of females flowers are developed
69 609 6090 The bracts which protect the hands wither and fall off and the fingers are bent into a direction perpendicular to the rachis
7: Development of the fruit 70 700 7000 At least 50 % of the fingers show an upwards curvature and the fruits (fingers) begin to fill
71 701 7010 Total exposure of the fingers or female flowers (protective bracts fallen off or bent and withered above

the hands)
72 702 7020 The fingers of the hands show the characteristic curvature of the fruit (upwards and almost parallel to the

axis or rachis)
73 703 7030 From the first two hands up to 30 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
74 704 7040 Up to 40 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
75 705 7050 Up to 50 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
76 706 7060 Up to 60 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
77 707 7070 Up to 70 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
78 708 7080 Up to 80 % of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
79 709 7090 All hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit and no hand shows a loss of weight
8: Ripening of the fruit 80 800 8000 Ripening starts when the fruit has reached the maximum thickness, begins to lose weight and shows changes of the colour by which the degrees of maturity are defined
81 801 8010 Degree of maturity 1: green. Normal colour of the fresh fruit
82 802 8020 Degree of maturity 2: tinge of yellow. First modification of colour during the ripening cycle
83 803 8030 Degree of maturity 3: more green than yellow
84 804 8040 Degree of maturity 4: more yellow than green
85 805 8050 Degree of maturity 5: tinge of green
86 806 8060 Degree of maturity 6: all yellow
87 807 8070 Degree of maturity 7: yellow with brown specks. Fruit is completely ripe, has the best flavour and a high nutritive value
88 808 8080 Degree of maturity 8: 20-50 % of surface discoloured brown or spoiled
89 809 8090 Degree of maturity 9: More than 50 % of the surface of the fruits is discoloured brown and spoiled
Principal stage 9: Senescence and death 90 900 9000 More than 50 % of the surface of the fruits are discoloured brown
91 901 9010 The leaves the plant shows have died off acropetally and the male flowers have withered, are necrotic and/or have fallen off
93 903 9030 Total rot and necrosis of the fruits
95 905 9050 Degeneration (necrosis) of the flower
97 907 9070 The sheaths enclosed in the pseudostem become brittle which indicates the beginning of necrosis of the

pseudostem. The pseudostem turns to be brown
98 908 9080 Total decomposition of the tissues and fall down of the pseudostem

References

Gonzales, R.; C. Ruiz-Silvera, L. Buhr, H. Bleiholder, H. Hack, U. Meier, H. Wicke. "Proposal for codification of the phenological cycle of edible Musaceae.". Ann. appl. Biol. In preparation. 

External links

A downloadable version of the BBCH Scales